Background: Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) protect the heart against episodes of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in adult individuals. However, whether H2S or CO protect the fetal heart is unknown, when tissue I/R injury is just as relevant, for instance as a result of birth asphyxia. Using the chicken embryo model, we show preconditioning effects of H2S and CO, conferring significant protection against I/R to the developing heart. The molecular basis underlying fetal cardiac protection by H2S and CO is different.
Methods: Fertilized Bovans Brown eggs were incubated under normoxia (21% O2). On day 19 of incubation (term is 21 days), the heart was excised following cervical transection and mounted on a Langendorff preparation. Following measurement of basal cardiac function, hearts were randomly treated with a bolus of water vehicle (Control), a H2S donor (NaHS) or a CO donor (CORM-3), with or without the non-selective KATP channel inhibitor Glibenclamide (Glib) or the mitochondrial KATP channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). An I/R challenge was induced 10 min after treatment for 30 min, followed by 2h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining.
Results: Treatment with either H2S and CO donors improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac infarct size after I/R in the chicken embryo. However, H2S improved cardiac function earlier while CO did so later after I/R. While the cardioprotective effects of H2S were blocked by Glib but not 5-HD, the cardioprotectve effects of CO were blocked by both Glib and 5-HD (Fig. 1).
Conclusions: We introduce new interventional gasotrasmitter therapy against I/R injury in the developing heart. While H2S confers cardiac protection by opening of myocardial sarcolemmal KATP channels, CO does so via myocardial mitochondrial KATP channels.
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Supported by the British Heart Foundation